Kalkulus II.
J\303\241rai Antal
Ezek a programok csak szeml\303\251ltet\303\251sre szolg\303\241lnak
1. Line\303\241ris algebra
restart;
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1. M\303\241trixok \303\251s vektorok
1.1.1. Test.
1,2+2,3^2,3.45/3,Pi,3+4*I,x^2=-1,Alma,infinity,-infinity;
evalf(%);
%%[5],%%[6];
?Pi
Digits:=50;
evalf(Pi);
Digits:=10;
A:=Alma; Alma:=1; A; Alma:='Alma'; A;
whattype(1); whattype(1/2); whattype(0.5); whattype(Alma);
whattype(infinity);whattype(Pi);whattype(A);
whattype(2); whattype(krikszkraksz); whattype("krikszkraksz");
type(1,integer);type(1,float);type(1+3*I,complexcons);
z:=3+4*I;Re(z);Im(z);abs(z);
solve(x^2=-1);
solve(x^5+x+1=0);
solve(x^5+x^2+1=0);
solve(x^7+x^6+x^5+x^4+x^3+2*x^2+x+1);
evalf(%);
1.1.3. Algebrai strukt\303\272r\303\241k.
1.1.4. P\303\251ld\303\241k.
1.1.5. M\303\241trixok.
with(linalg);
a:=matrix(2,3,[x,cc,Alma,3,5]);
a[2,3]:=8;print(a);
b:=matrix([[x,y],[9,7]]);
c:=matrix(3,2,(i,j)->i+j-1);
d:=extend(c,1,1,0);copyinto(a,d,3,2);
transpose(c);d:=transpose(%);equal(c,d);
a:=matrix(3,2);
entermatrix(a);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.6. M\305\261veletek m\303\241trixokkal.
a:=matrix([[1,0],[0,2]]); b:=matrix([[0,1],[0,0]]);
c:=matrix([[1,0],[0,1],[0,0]]);
d:=evalm(2*a+3*b); evalm(a&*b); evalm(b&*a); evalm(sin(d));
evalm(d^2); evalm(c&*a); evalm(a&*c);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.8. Nullm\303\241trix, egys\303\251gm\303\241trix, inverz m\303\241trix.
a:=matrix(3,2,0); iszero(a); b:=matrix(2,2,[1,0,0,0]); iszero(b);
rowdim(a); coldim(a);
a:=diag(3,4,5);
krondelta:=(i,j)-> if i=j then 1 else 0 fi;
a:=matrix(3,3,krondelta);
b:=matrix(3,2,krondelta);
c:=hilbert(3); d:=inverse(c); evalm(c&*d); evalm(d&*c);
inverse(b);
a:=matrix([[2,4],[1,2]]); inverse(a);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.9. Elemi sor- \303\251s oszlopm\305\261veletek.
a:=matrix([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]);
swaprow(a,1,2);
swapcol(a,2,3);
addrow(a,1,2,-4);
addcol(a,2,3,-3/2);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.10. Gauss-f\303\251le kik\303\274sz\303\266b\303\266l\303\251s.
x:='x'; y:='y'; z:='z';
eqns:={x+y/2+z/3=1,x/2+y/3+z/4=7/12,x/3+y/4+z/5=13/30};
solve(eqns);
a:=genmatrix(eqns,[x,y,z]);
a:=genmatrix(eqns,[x,y,z],'b'); print(b);
geneqns(a,[x,y,z],b);
c:=augment(a,b);
genmatrix(eqns,[x,y,z],flag);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.11. P\303\251ld\303\241k.
c1:=pivot(c,1,1,2..3);
c2:=pivot(c1,2,2,3..3);
gausselim(c,3);
backsub(c2);
d:=copy(c); d[3,3]:=7/36; print(d);
d1:=pivot(d,1,1,2..3);
d2:=pivot(d1,2,2,3..3);
backsub(d2);
e:=copy(d); e[3,4]:=5/12; print(e);
e1:=pivot(e,1,1,2..3);
e2:=pivot(e1,2,2,3..3);
backsub(e2);
evalm(randmatrix(3,4)+I*randmatrix(3,4)); gausselim(%); backsub(%);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.12. M\303\263dos\303\255tott Gauss-f\303\251le kik\303\274sz\303\266b\303\266l\303\251s.
print(c);
c1:=pivot(c,1,1,2..3);
mulrow(c1,2,12); c2:=pivot(%,2,2,3..3);
c3:=mulrow(c2,3,180);
backsub(c3);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.1.13. M\303\241trixinverzi\303\263 Gauss-f\303\251le kik\303\274sz\303\266b\303\266l\303\251ssel.
a:=hilbert(3); b:=diag(1,1,1); c:=augment(a,b);
cc:=gausselim(c,3);
aa:=submatrix(cc,1..3,1..3); bb:=submatrix(cc,1..3,4..6);
backsub(aa,bb); inverse(a);
linsolve(a,b);
1.1.14. Gauss-Jordan kik\303\274sz\303\266b\303\266l\303\251s.
print(c);
c1:=pivot(c,1,1);
mulrow(c1,2,12); c2:=pivot(%,2,2);
mulrow(c2,3,180); c3:=pivot(%,3,3);
gaussjord(c,3);
*1.1.15. A m\305\261veletig\303\251nyek \303\266sszehasonl\303\255t\303\241sa.
*1.1.17. Numerikus megjegyz\303\251sek.
1.1.18. Vektort\303\251r.
1.1.21. P\303\251ld\303\241k.
1.1.23. Megjegyz\303\251s.
z:=vector([1,0,0]); a:=augment(z,u,v,w);
b:=stackmatrix(u,v,w,z);
col(a,2);
col(a,2..3);
row(a,2);
row(a,2..3);
subvector(b,3,2..3); subvector(b,1..3,2);
1.1.26. Gener\303\241torrendszer, dimenzi\303\263.
1.1.27. Line\303\241ris f\303\274ggetlens\303\251g \303\251s f\303\274gg\305\221s\303\251g.
1.1.29. B\303\241zis.
basis([z,u,v,w]); basis([u,v,w,z]);
intbasis([z,u],[u,v,w]); intbasis([z,u],[v,w]); intbasis([z,u],[v]);
sumbasis([z,u],[v,w]);
1.1.31. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.32. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.33. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.34. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.35. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.36. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.37. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.41. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.43. Koordin\303\241t\303\241k.
*1.1.46. Vektorterek direkt \303\266sszege.
*1.1.48. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.50. Affin sokas\303\241gok.
1.1.52. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.1.53. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
x:=vector([1+t1,2-t2,t1+t2-1]); x0=map2(subs,[t1=0,t2=0],x);
y:=evalm(x-x0);
y1:=map2(subs,[t1=1,t2=0],y); y2:=map2(subs,[t1=0,t2=1],y);
z:=evalm(x0+t1*y1+t2*y2);
x:=vector([1+t1+t3,2+t2+t3,-1,2]); x0:=map2(subs,[t1=0,t2=0,t3=0],x);
y:=evalm(x-x0);
y1:=map2(subs,[t1=1,t2=0,t3=0],y); y2:=map2(subs,[t1=0,t2=1,t3=0],y);
y3:=map2(subs,[t1=0,t2=0,t3=1],y);
basis([y1,y2,y3]);
z:=evalm(x0+u1*y1+u2*y2);
1.1.54. Affin sokas\303\241g dimenzi\303\263ja.
1.2. Line\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sek
restart;with(linalg);
1.2.1. Line\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sek.
1.2.2. P\303\251ld\303\241k line\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sekre.
1.2.6. Line\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sek szorzata.
1.2.8. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.10. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.11. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.12. Vektorrendszer \303\251s lek\303\251pez\303\251s m\303\241trixa.
a:=matrix([[1,1,2,5,0],[0,1,1,3,-1],[1,0,1,2,1]]);
colspace(a); rank(a); kernel(a); coldim(a);
1.2.13. T\303\251tel.
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
a:=matrix([[1,2,3],[2,3,4],[3,4,5]]); x:=vector([1,0,1]); multiply(a,x);
1.2.14. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.16. \303\201tt\303\251r\303\251sm\303\241trix.
1.2.17. P\303\251ld\303\241k: egyszer\305\261 b\303\241zistranszform\303\241ci\303\263k.
1.2.20. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.21. Ekvivalens transzform\303\241ci\303\263k, ekvivalens m\303\241trixok.
t:=matrix([[1,1,0],[0,1,1],[1,0,1]]); rank(t);
b:=evalm(inverse(t)&*a&*t);
s:=matrix([[1,-2,0],[0,1,-2],[-2,0,1]]); rank(s);
evalm(inverse(s)&*evalm(a&*t));
augment(s,evalm(a&*t)); gaussjord(%,3);
1.2.26. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.27. Kvadratikus lek\303\251pez\303\251sek.
b:=matrix([[1,2,3],[2,3,4],[5,6,7]]); q:=innerprod(x,b,x);
1.2.29. P\303\251lda: vektori szorzat.
a:=matrix([[0,k,-j],[-k,0,i],[j,-i,0]]); b:=innerprod(x,a,y);
i:=vector([1,0,0]); j:=vector([0,1,0]); k:=vector([0,0,1]); evalm(b);
crossprod(x,y);
1.2.30. T\303\251tel: szimmetrikus \303\251s altern\303\241l\303\263 biline\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sek m\303\241trixa.
1.2.31. Szimmetrikus biline\303\241ris form\303\241k \303\241tl\303\263s alakra hoz\303\241sa.
print(s); addcol(s,1,2,-2); addrow(%,1,2,-2); addcol(%,1,3,-4);
s1:=addrow(%,1,3,-4);
addcol(s1,2,3,-3); s2:=addrow(%,2,3,-3);
1.2.32. Megjegyz\303\251s.
*1.2.33. Antiszimmetrikus biline\303\241ris form\303\241k \303\241tl\303\263s alakra hoz\303\241sa.
1.2.34. Definit \303\251s indefinit kvadratikus form\303\241k.
definite(s,'positive_def'); definite(s,'positive_semidef');
definite(s,'negative_semidef');
princaxis:=proc(b) local a,i,j,k,n,x;
if not(type(b,'matrix'(rational,square))
or type(b,'matrix'(float,square))) then ERROR(`Invalid argument`) fi;
n:=coldim(b);
for i to n do for j from i+1 to n do
if b[i,j]<>b[j,i] then ERROR(`Invalid argument`) fi;
od; od;
a:=copy(b);
for k to n do
if a[k,k]=0 then
for j from k+1 to n do if a[j,j]<>0 then break fi; od;
if j<=n then a:=swapcol(a,k,j); a:=swaprow(a,k,j); fi;
fi;
if a[k,k]=0 then
for j from k+1 to n do if a[k,j]<>0 then break fi; od;
if j<=n then a:=addcol(a,j,k); a:=addrow(a,j,k); fi;
fi;
if a[k,k]<>0 then
for j from k+1 to n do
x:=-a[k,j]/a[k,k]; a:=addcol(a,k,j,x);a:=addrow(a,k,j,x);
od;
fi;
od; evalm(a); end;
princaxis(s);
1.2.35. Sylvester-f\303\251le tehetetlens\303\251gi t\303\251tel.
*1.2.36. Konjug\303\241lt biline\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sek.
*1.2.38. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
*1.2.39. Hermite-form\303\241k.
*1.2.40. Multiline\303\241ris lek\303\251pez\303\251sek.
*1.2.43. Tenzorok, tenzorszorzat.
*1.2.44. Seg\303\251dt\303\251tel.
*1.2.45. Tenzorok koordin\303\241t\303\241inak transzform\303\241ci\303\263ja.
*1.2.46. Einstein-konvenci\303\263.
1.2.47. Permut\303\241ci\303\263k.
1.2.49. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.50. Ter\303\274let, t\303\251rfogat \303\251s determin\303\241ns.
1.2.52. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
*1.2.53. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.54. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.58. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.59. R\303\251szm\303\241trix, aldetermin\303\241ns.
1.2.63. Kifejt\303\251si t\303\251tel.
delcols(a,2..3);delrows(a,1..1);
delcols(delrows(a,1..1),1..1);A11:=minor(a,1,1);A12:=minor(a,1,2);A13:=minor(a,1,3);
a[1,1]*det(A11)-a[1,2]*det(A12)+a[1,3]*det(A13);
*1.2.64. Line\303\241ris transzform\303\241ci\303\263 determin\303\241nsa.
*1.2.65. Determin\303\241nsok szorz\303\241st\303\251tele.
1.2.66. Determin\303\241nsok szorz\303\241st\303\251tele.
1.2.67. Megjegyz\303\251s: line\303\241ris transzform\303\241ci\303\263 determin\303\241nsa.
1.2.70. Line\303\241ris egyenletek.
a:=matrix([[1,1,2,5,0],[0,1,1,3,-1],[1,0,1,2,1]]);
colspace(a); rank(a); kernel(a); coldim(a);
b:=vector([0,0,0]); linsolve(a,b);
b:=vector([1,1,1]); linsolve(a,b);
1.2.71. \303\201ll\303\255t\303\241s.
1.2.72. A szuperpoz\303\255ci\303\263 elve.
1.2.73. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.74. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.75. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.76. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.2.78. Invari\303\241ns alterek.
1.2.79. Saj\303\241t\303\251rt\303\251k, saj\303\241tvektor, saj\303\241talt\303\251r.
1.2.80. Karakterisztikus polinom.
a:=matrix([[1,2,I],[2,-I,3],[-1,2*I,4]]);
evalm(-charmat(a,lambda)); det(%); (-1)^3*charpoly(a,lambda);
1.2.82. Algebrai multiplicit\303\241s.
matrix([[1,1,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,5]]); eigenvects(%);
a:=matrix([[1,1,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]]); eigenvects(%);
matrix([[1,1,0],[0,1,1],[0,0,1]]); eigenvects(%);
*1.2.83. Cayley-Hamilton-t\303\251tel.
a:=matrix([[1,0,0],[1,1,0],[0,0,2]]); p:=charpoly(a,lambda); expand(p);
L:=PolynomialTools[CoefficientList](p,lambda);
L:=zip((x,y)->x*y,L,[a&^i$i=0..nops(L)-1]);
p:=convert(L,`+`); evalm(p);
1.2.84. Fels\305\221 h\303\241romsz\303\266g alak.
t:=matrix([[1,0,0],[0,1,2],[0,1,1]]); tm:=inverse(t); b:=evalm(tm&*a&*t);
eigenvects(b);
f11:=vector([0,-2,1]); e11:=vector([1,0,0]); e12:=vector([0,1,0]); e13:=vector([0,0,1]); basis([f11,e11,e12,e13]);
t1:=matrix([[0,1,0],[-2,0,1],[1,0,0]]); t1m:=inverse(t1);
bb:=evalm(t1m&*b&*t1);
b1:=matrix([[1,0],[1,1]]); eigenvects(b1);
f22:=vector([0,1]); e22:=vector([1,0]); e23:=vector([0,1]);
basis([f22,e22,e23]);
t2:=matrix([[0,1],[1,0]]); t2m:=inverse(t2); bb1:=evalm(t2m&*b1&*t2);
b2:=matrix([[1]]); eigenvects(b2);
f23:=1*e22; print(f23);
print(f11); f12:=0*e11+1*e12; print(f12); f13:=1*e11+0*e12; print(f13);
t:=matrix([[0,0,1],[-2,1,0],[1,0,0]]); tm:=inverse(t);
print(evalm(tm&*b&*t));
1.2.85. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.2.86. Seg\303\251dt\303\251tel.
1.2.87. \303\201tl\303\263s alak.
a:=matrix([[2,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,3]]);
t:=matrix([[1,-4,3],[1,-2,2],[3,-3,-2]]); tm:=inverse(t);
b:=evalm(tm&*a&*t);
L:=eigenvects(b); b1:=op(1,L[1][3]); b2:=op(1,L[2][3]); b3:=op(1,L[3][3]);
tb:=augment(b1,b2,b3); evalm(inverse(tb)&*b&*tb);
1.3. Bels\305\221 szorzat
restart;with(linalg);
1.3.2. P\303\251ld\303\241k.
x:=vector([1,1,1]);
norm(x,1), norm(x,1.5), norm(x,2), norm(x,3), norm(x,infinity), norm(x);
evalf(%);
y:=vector([1,2,3+4*I]);
norm(y,1), norm(y,1.5), norm(y,2), norm(y,3), norm(y,infinity), norm(y);evalf(%);
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.3.3. Bels\305\221 szorzat.
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn
1.3.6. Megjegyz\303\251s.
1.3.10. \303\201ltal\303\241nos\303\255tott Pythagorasz-t\303\251tel.
1.3.11. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.13. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.14. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.16. Az approxim\303\241ci\303\263 alapfeladata norm\303\241lt t\303\251rben.
1.3.17. Legjobb line\303\241ris approxim\303\241ci\303\263 bels\305\221 szorzat t\303\251rben.
1.3.18. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny: Bessel-egyenl\305\221tlens\303\251g.
1.3.19. Ortogon\303\241lis felbont\303\241si t\303\251tel.
1.3.20. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.21. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.22. El\305\221\303\241ll\303\255t\303\241si t\303\251tel.
1.3.23. Adjung\303\241lt lek\303\251pez\303\251s.
1.3.26. \303\226nadjung\303\241lt \303\251s norm\303\241lis transzform\303\241ci\303\263k.
b:=matrix([[1,2,I],[2,3,-3*I],[-I,3*I,-1]]); bs:=htranspose(b);
evalm(b&*bs); evalm(bs&*b);
c:=matrix([[I,2,1],[-2,3*I,4],[-1,-4,0]]); cs:=htranspose(c);
evalm(c&*cs); evalm(cs&*c);
1.3.28.Polariz\303\241ci\303\263s formula.
1.3.29. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.30. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.34. Fels\305\221 h\303\241romsz\303\266g alak.
a:=map(evalf,a); as:=map(evalf,as);
eigenvects(as); e3:=normalize(op(1,%[1][3]));
f11:=vector([1,0,0]); c1:=dotprod(f11,e3);
g11:=normalize(evalm(f11-c1*e3));
f12:=vector([0,1,0]); c1:=dotprod(f12,e3); c2:=dotprod(f12,g11);
g12:=normalize(evalm(f12-c1*e3-c2*g11));
a1:=matrix(2,2):a1[1,1]:=dotprod(multiply(a,g11),g11):
a1[2,1]:=dotprod(multiply(a,g11),g12):
a1[1,2]:=dotprod(multiply(a,g12),g11):
a1[2,2]:=dotprod(multiply(a,g12),g12):
print(a1);a1s:=htranspose(a1);
eigenvects(a1s); f2:=op(1,%[1][3]);
e2:=normalize(evalm(f2[1]*g11+f2[2]*g12));
f21:=vector([1,0,0]); c1:=dotprod(f21,e2); c2:=dotprod(f21,e3);
e1:=normalize(evalm(f21-c1*e2-c2*e3));
ta:=augment(e1,e2,e3); evalm(inverse(ta)&*a&*ta);
1.3.35. Seg\303\251dt\303\251tel.
1.3.37. K\303\266vetkezm\303\251ny.
1.3.38. Szimmetrikus transzform\303\241ci\303\263 \303\241tl\303\263s alakja.
LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEhRicvJSdpdGFsaWNHUSV0cnVlRicvJSxtYXRodmFyaWFudEdRJ2l0YWxpY0Yn